BINDING
OPTION
SIGNALS
CHOICE
OLD RULE
COMMIT FIRST
NEW OPTION
COMPARE FIRST
RULEBOOK / 2031
Old system loaded
THE OLD ADMISSIONS RULEBOOK 01
For decades, the first days of November have carried an unusual kind of pressure for high school seniors: decide whether one college is worth a binding commitment before every other option is fully known.
That is the defining tradeoff of Early Decision . A student applies early to one institution and, if admitted, is expected to enroll and withdraw other applications. For families who want to compare colleges, financial aid, scholarships, or simply keep more choices open, that commitment can feel much larger than an ordinary application deadline.
For the Class of 2031, Washington University in St. Louis is changing the board . WashU has added a non-binding Early Action round while retaining Early Decision I, Early Decision II, and Regular Decision.
The shift sits inside a broader rewrite: demonstrated interest now enters application review, one optional writing supplement is gone, WashU remains test-optional, and scholarship timing has been reorganized.
Important distinction: WashU did not eliminate Early Decision. It added Early Action as a fourth application route.
EARLY DECISION TRADITIONAL PATH
THE BINDING CHOICE
Apply early YES
Hear early YES
Compare offers later LIMITED
Enrollment commitment BINDING
sign here
COMMIT
RULE CHANGE DETECTED
One new option changes the geometry of the decision.
COMMIT NOW COMPARE FIRST
DESTINATION 02 / THE OPEN GATE EA
Why Early Action Changes the Game
Early Action keeps the advantage of moving early while removing the requirement to decide your college future immediately.
DECISION SIMULATOR
Choose the kind of certainty your family needs.
LIVE
Early Decision
Early Action
01 Apply Nov. 2
02 Decision Dec. 11
03 Commit Jan. 4
Binding? YES
Compare other offers? NO
Time to decide SHORT
You know WashU is your first choice and are ready to make the commitment if admitted.
For fall 2027 applicants, WashU’s new Early Action round uses a November 2 application deadline , with admission decisions and financial aid offers released by December 23 . Students admitted through EA have until May 1 to make their enrollment decision.
That difference matters. A student can apply early, learn an outcome before many Regular Decision deadlines, and still preserve the ability to compare other colleges and aid offers before choosing where to enroll.
For families weighing affordability, fit, scholarships, and multiple possible futures, the value is not simply “an earlier answer.” It is an earlier answer without an immediate obligation .
That is exactly why application-round strategy should be treated as part of a larger Predictive Admissions™ plan rather than as a reflexive attempt to chase an admissions advantage.
FALL 2027 / FIRST-YEAR
NOV 02 EA APPLICATION
DEC 23 DECISION BY
MAY 01 REPLY DUE
More runway. More information. No binding commitment.
OPTIONAL WRITING SUPPLEMENT
OPTIONAL WRITING SUPPLEMENT
REMOVED
But the essay did not disappear.
DESTINATION 03 / SIGNAL ROOM DI
The Optional Supplement Is Gone. “Demonstrated Interest” Is In.
The new question is less “Can you manufacture another polished essay?” and more “Have you actually explored whether this place fits you?”
OLD ASSUMPTION
“WashU eliminated the essay.”
WHAT CHANGED
WashU removed its optional writing supplement , but applicants still submit the Common Application or Coalition Application essay and a required 250-word response about what they want to study and why.
DEMONSTRATED INTEREST CONSOLE
Build a realistic engagement plan.
Signals selected 0
@ Join the email list Free · remote
⌘ Explore WashU online Free · remote
◉ Virtual info session Free · remote
✦ Bear Chat In-person or virtual
◎ Regional event / fair Closer to home
⌂ Campus visit Travel may be required
YOU
WASHU
YOUR PLAN
Select any signals above. You do not need to travel to St. Louis to begin learning about WashU.
Copy my engagement plan
ACCESS ≠ TRAVEL
WashU explicitly acknowledges that finances, distance, and scheduling can limit campus visits and points students toward virtual sessions, Bear Chats, regional events, college fairs, and online engagement.
This is an important distinction for students who worry that “demonstrated interest” means paying for airfare and a hotel simply to prove enthusiasm. WashU says it is building multiple ways for students to engage, including options that can be completed remotely or closer to home.
The strategic implication is not to spam an admissions office. It is to create a genuine record of exploration—learning enough about the institution to know whether it belongs on the list and to make the application more specific when the time comes.
That is where App Identity™ becomes relevant: interest signals are most useful when they connect to a coherent reason the student fits the institution rather than functioning as disconnected admissions theater.
STANDARDIZED TEST
1 5 4 0
OPTIONAL
The score remains a choice.
DESTINATION 04 / TESTING PANEL SAT
Holding the Line on Test-Optional
While some selective institutions have returned to required testing, WashU says there is no change to its test-optional policy for fall 2027 applicants.
SUBMISSION STRATEGY
Should a score play a role in your application?
This tool does not predict admission. It helps identify the strategic questions that should be answered before deciding whether to submit a score.
STRATEGY READOUT
3 / 6
Needs context
Your answers are mixed. Compare the score with the rest of the academic profile before deciding whether it adds meaningful evidence.
Explore standardized testing strategy →
WashU states that applicants may choose whether to submit SAT or ACT scores. That makes testing a strategic input—not an automatic requirement and not something that should be ignored simply because submission is optional.
In a holistic review, students still need to think about what the complete academic file communicates: grades, course rigor, recommendations, writing, activities, context, and any test scores they decide to include. The right choice can differ by student and by target college.
Students evaluating that larger picture can also review The Ivy Institute’s guide to what selective admissions offices may look for .
The rule change is bigger than one deadline.
DESTINATION 05 / ENROLLMENT MODEL 2031
The Broader Implications: A New Enrollment Model
WashU’s changes do not simplify admissions into one new rule. They redistribute where applicants need to be strategic.
YOUR APPLICATION
ROUND
INTEREST
TESTING
FIT
For students preparing to apply, strong grades and polished writing still matter—but the strategy around them is becoming more visible. Applicants now have to decide which round fits their circumstances , how to explore WashU in an authentic way, whether testing strengthens the file, and how every choice fits together.
This is the larger lesson of the new model: when admissions rules change, the strongest response is not to chase each change separately. It is to understand how the pieces interact.
A student considering WashU may now ask: Should I use EA to preserve flexibility? Is ED still worth the commitment? Which engagement opportunities genuinely help me understand the university? Does my testing add evidence? What does my application say about fit?
Those are the same kinds of interconnected questions behind a full college admissions strategy —and why families often benefit from comparing not only colleges, but also the scope of the support systems helping them make those decisions.
OLD QUESTION
“How early can I lock in an answer?”
BETTER QUESTION
“Which strategy gives me the best information before I commit?”
THE RULEBOOK HAS CHANGED.
Your strategy should change with it.
WashU’s Class of 2031 cycle gives applicants another route—but more routes make thoughtful decision-making more important, not less.
-content-field="published-on"],.blog-item-wrapper header h1,article header h1){display:none!important}
body.tii-blog-title-live .tii-blog-native-hidden{display:none!important}
:is(html,body).sqs-edit-mode-active #tii-blog-article-title,:is(html,body).sqs-site-styles-active #tii-blog-article-title{display:none!important}
:root{--tii-n0:#04101f;--tii-n1:#0a1e37;--tii-n2:#0e2745;--tii-gold:#ead49f;--tii-blue:#8fb7df}
.tii-detective-blog-hero,.tii-detective-blog-hero *{box-sizing:border-box}
.tii-detective-blog-hero{position:relative;left:50%;width:100vw;max-width:none;margin:0 0 0 -50vw;overflow:hidden;isolation:isolate;contain:layout paint style;background:radial-gradient(circle at 78% 24%,rgba(78,131,188,.27),transparent 31%),radial-gradient(circle at 18% 70%,rgba(213,181,111,.17),transparent 31%),linear-gradient(145deg,var(--tii-n0),var(--tii-n1) 54%,var(--tii-n2))}
@supports(overflow:clip){.tii-detective-blog-hero{overflow:clip}}
.tii-detective-blog-hero::after{content:"";position:absolute;z-index:0;inset:auto 0 0;height:190px;pointer-events:none;background:linear-gradient(to top,rgba(4,16,31,.72),rgba(4,16,31,.32) 46%,transparent)}
.tii-db-body{position:relative;z-index:2;width:min(1320px,calc(100% - 64px));margin:auto}
.tii-db-copy{position:relative;z-index:3;width:68%;padding:36px 18px 30px 24px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:15px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);contain:layout style}
.tii-db-kicker-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:30px}
.tii-db-chip,.tii-db-status,.tii-db-meta-item{background:rgba(255,255,255,.09);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.20)}
.tii-db-chip,.tii-db-status,.tii-db-pulse-note{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap}
.tii-db-chip,.tii-db-status{padding:8px 12px;border-radius:999px;color:#fff}.tii-db-chip{transform:translateX(-5%)}.tii-db-pulse-note{color:rgba(255,255,255,.76)}
.tii-db-status-dot,.tii-db-pulse-dot{position:relative;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;display:inline-block;flex:0 0 7px;background:#fff}
.tii-db-status-dot::after,.tii-db-pulse-dot::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:-1px;border:1px solid currentColor;border-radius:50%;opacity:0;transform:scale(1);animation:tiiRippleX 2.2s ease-out infinite}
.tii-db-pulse-text--mobile{display:none}
.tii-db-title{margin:0;max-width:23ch;padding-bottom:.12em;display:block;contain:paint;font-family:Inter,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;font-size:clamp(3rem,5.35vw,5rem);font-weight:800;line-height:1.03;letter-spacing:-.055em;text-wrap:balance;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff 0%,#fff 9%,var(--tii-gold) 18%,var(--tii-blue) 31%,#fff 43%,#fff 50%,#fff 59%,var(--tii-gold) 68%,var(--tii-blue) 81%,#fff 93%,#fff 100%);background-size:200% 200%;background-position:100% 100%;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-clip:text;background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent;animation:tiiTitleFlow 9.5s steps(128,end) infinite;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
.tii-db-outline-intro{margin:2px 0 0;max-width:72ch;color:#fff;font:650 1rem/1.55 Inter,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif}.tii-db-outline-columns{width:min(100%,78ch);display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:start;column-gap:clamp(24px,3vw,46px)}.tii-db-outline{width:min(100%,78ch);margin:0;padding:0 0 0 1.25rem;display:grid;gap:.44rem;color:#fff}.tii-db-outline-columns .tii-db-outline{width:100%}.tii-db-outline li{margin:0;padding-left:.18rem;color:#fff;font:500 .95rem/1.42 Inter,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;break-inside:avoid}.tii-db-outline li::marker{color:#fff}.tii-db-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin-top:3px}.tii-db-meta-item{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:8px 11px;border-radius:13px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.84);font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.2}.tii-db-meta-item svg{width:14px;height:14px;stroke:currentColor;flex:0 0 14px}
.tii-db-stage{position:absolute;z-index:2;inset:0 0 0 auto;width:34%;overflow:hidden;touch-action:none;padding-left:14px;contain:layout paint style}
@supports(overflow:clip){.tii-db-stage{overflow:clip}}
@media(min-width:781px){.tii-db-stage{--g:max(32px,calc((100vw - 1320px)/2));right:calc(-1*var(--g));width:calc(34% + var(--g))}}
.tii-db-stage .tii-db-status{position:absolute;top:64px;right:14px;z-index:8;max-width:calc(100% - 28px);justify-content:center;text-align:center;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.tii-db-status--mobile{display:none}
.tii-db-campus-field{position:absolute;z-index:2;inset:90px 10px 64px;contain:layout paint style}
.tii-db-campus-blip{position:absolute;z-index:3;min-width:90px;width:min(136px,24vw);padding:7px 9px 7px 7px;border-radius:15px;border:1px solid rgba(49,69,86,.10);background:rgba(255,255,255,.68);box-shadow:0 14px 26px rgba(49,69,86,.08);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;transform:translate3d(0,10px,0) scale(.96);contain:layout paint style;animation:tiiCardScan 32s ease-in-out calc(5.9s + var(--d,0s)) infinite both}
.tii-db-campus-blip svg{width:28px;height:28px;flex:0 0 28px}.tii-db-campus-blip>div{min-width:0;line-height:1}.tii-db-campus-label{display:block;color:#314556;font-size:.62rem;line-height:1;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase}.tii-db-campus-sub{display:block;margin-top:2px;color:#627888;font-size:.52rem;line-height:calc(1em + 2px);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase}
.tii-db-campus-1{top:3%;left:3%;--d:0s}.tii-db-campus-2{top:5%;left:38%;--d:2s}.tii-db-campus-3{top:4%;right:4%;--d:4s}.tii-db-campus-4{top:21%;left:13%;--d:6s}.tii-db-campus-5{top:19%;right:18%;--d:8s}.tii-db-campus-6{top:35%;left:43%;--d:10s}.tii-db-campus-7{top:40%;left:3%;--d:12s}.tii-db-campus-8{top:42%;right:3%;--d:14s}.tii-db-campus-9{top:58%;left:16%;--d:16s}.tii-db-campus-10{top:57%;right:27%;--d:18s}.tii-db-campus-11{top:70%;left:43%;--d:20s}.tii-db-campus-12{top:73%;right:7%;--d:22s}.tii-db-campus-13{bottom:2%;left:2%;--d:24s}.tii-db-campus-14{bottom:1%;left:27%;--d:26s}.tii-db-campus-15{bottom:3%;right:25%;--d:28s}.tii-db-campus-16{bottom:1%;right:2%;--d:30s}
.tii-db-scan-ring{position:absolute;width:210px;height:210px;border-radius:50%;border:1px dashed rgba(255,255,255,.20);left:48%;top:16%;opacity:.46;animation:tiiFloatRing 10s ease-in-out infinite}.tii-db-scan-ring::before,.tii-db-scan-ring::after{content:"";position:absolute;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12)}.tii-db-scan-ring::before{inset:18px}.tii-db-scan-ring::after{inset:38px}
.tii-db-magnifier-wrap{position:absolute;inset:0 auto 0 50%;z-index:10000;width:min(1320px,calc(100% - 64px));transform:translateX(-50%);pointer-events:none;overflow:visible;contain:layout style}.tii-db-magnifier-manual-shift,.tii-db-magnifier-path,.tii-db-magnifier-patrol,.tii-db-magnifier-rig{position:absolute;inset:0}.tii-db-magnifier-manual-shift{z-index:10000;transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.tii-returning .tii-db-magnifier-manual-shift{transition:transform 650ms cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1)}
.tii-db-magnifier-path{left:56%;top:calc(5.5% + 50px);width:112px;height:112px;animation:tiiEnter 5.9s cubic-bezier(.22,.72,.24,1) 1 both}.tii-db-magnifier-patrol{animation:tiiPatrol 32s ease-in-out 5.9s infinite}.tii-db-magnifier-rig{z-index:10001;animation:tiiTilt 6.4s ease-in-out infinite;transform-origin:64% 34%}.tii-db-magnifier-shadow{position:absolute;left:28px;top:89px;width:64px;height:17px;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(ellipse,rgba(49,69,86,.18),rgba(49,69,86,0) 72%);animation:tiiShadow 6.4s ease-in-out infinite}.tii-db-magnifier-image{position:absolute;z-index:10003;left:0;top:0;width:104px;height:104px;object-fit:contain;user-select:none;-webkit-user-drag:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 7px 12px rgba(49,69,86,.13));transform:translateZ(0)}
.tii-db-magnifier-zoom{position:absolute;z-index:10005;left:42px;top:8px;width:51px;height:51px;border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden;pointer-events:none;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.46);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.32),inset 0 0 13px rgba(186,220,241,.16),0 2px 9px rgba(1,9,20,.15);background:radial-gradient(circle at 31% 24%,rgba(255,255,255,.42) 0 7%,rgba(255,255,255,.13) 18%,transparent 42%),linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(224,240,250,.31),rgba(114,154,184,.12) 54%,rgba(255,255,255,.22))}.tii-db-magnifier-zoom::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:8% 12% 52% 14%;border-radius:50%;background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,255,255,.34),rgba(255,255,255,0));opacity:.8;transform:rotate(-16deg)}
.tii-db-magnifier-beam{position:absolute;z-index:10002;left:65px;top:2px;width:190px;height:72px;transform-origin:0 50%;clip-path:polygon(0 44%,100% 0,100% 100%,0 56%);background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(255,255,255,.58),rgba(191,224,241,.30) 42%,rgba(102,127,146,0));opacity:.48;mix-blend-mode:screen;animation:tiiBeam 4.2s ease-in-out infinite}.tii-db-magnifier-trigger{position:absolute;left:47px;top:1px;width:42px;height:42px;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid rgba(102,127,146,.28)}.tii-db-magnifier-trigger::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:-1px;border:1px solid rgba(102,127,146,.28);border-radius:50%;opacity:.45;transform:scale(.84);animation:tiiTrigger 4.2s ease-out infinite}
.tii-magnifier-manual :is(.tii-db-magnifier-path,.tii-db-magnifier-patrol,.tii-db-magnifier-rig,.tii-db-magnifier-shadow,.tii-db-magnifier-beam,.tii-db-magnifier-trigger,.tii-db-campus-blip){animation-play-state:paused}.tii-magnifier-manual .tii-db-campus-blip{animation:none}
.tii-hero-offscreen{content-visibility:auto;contain-intrinsic-size:auto 650px}.tii-hero-offscreen :is(.tii-db-title,.tii-db-campus-blip,.tii-db-scan-ring,.tii-db-magnifier-path,.tii-db-magnifier-patrol,.tii-db-magnifier-rig,.tii-db-magnifier-shadow,.tii-db-magnifier-beam){animation-play-state:paused!important}.tii-hero-offscreen .tii-db-status-dot::after,.tii-hero-offscreen .tii-db-pulse-dot::after,.tii-hero-offscreen .tii-db-magnifier-trigger::after{animation-play-state:paused!important}
@keyframes tiiTitleFlow{from{background-position:100% 100%}to{background-position:0 0}}@keyframes tiiRippleX{0%{opacity:.45;transform:scale(.9)}75%,100%{opacity:0;transform:scale(2.4)}}@keyframes tiiCardScan{0%,100%{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(0,10px,0) scale(.96)}3%,10%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(0,0,0) scale(1)}15%{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(0,-7px,0) scale(1.01)}}@keyframes tiiFloatRing{0%,100%{transform:translate3d(0,0,0) scale(1)}50%{transform:translate3d(10px,6px,0) scale(1.04)}}
@keyframes tiiPatrol{0%,100%{transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}12%{transform:translate3d(clamp(72px,12vw,180px),2px,0)}25%{transform:translate3d(clamp(145px,23vw,285px),clamp(18px,4vh,42px),0)}38%{transform:translate3d(clamp(95px,16vw,210px),clamp(78px,15vh,155px),0)}51%{transform:translate3d(clamp(8px,2vw,34px),clamp(120px,23vh,225px),0)}64%{transform:translate3d(clamp(125px,20vw,255px),clamp(145px,27vh,255px),0)}77%{transform:translate3d(clamp(185px,29vw,340px),clamp(76px,14vh,145px),0)}89%{transform:translate3d(clamp(58px,9vw,128px),clamp(42px,8vh,88px),0)}}
@keyframes tiiPatrolM{0%,100%{transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}20%{transform:translate3d(clamp(42px,18vw,82px),2px,0)}40%{transform:translate3d(clamp(16px,7vw,38px),34px,0)}60%{transform:translate3d(clamp(48px,20vw,92px),72px,0)}80%{transform:translate3d(4px,56px,0)}}@keyframes tiiTilt{0%,100%{transform:rotate(-7deg) scale(1)}50%{transform:rotate(4deg) scale(1.02)}}@keyframes tiiShadow{0%,100%{transform:scale(1);opacity:.16}50%{transform:scale(.92);opacity:.10}}@keyframes tiiBeam{0%,100%{opacity:.24;transform:rotate(-12deg) scaleX(.91)}50%{opacity:.56;transform:rotate(-9deg) scaleX(1.05)}}@keyframes tiiTrigger{0%{opacity:.46;transform:scale(.84)}75%,100%{opacity:0;transform:scale(1.55)}}
@keyframes tiiEnter{0%{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(clamp(-160px,-11vw,-72px),-230px,0)}14%{opacity:.68;transform:translate3d(clamp(-150px,-10vw,-66px),-174px,0)}36%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(clamp(-112px,-7vw,-48px),-108px,0)}64%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(clamp(-58px,-3.5vw,-24px),-48px,0)}84%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(-8px,-8px,0)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}}@keyframes tiiEnterM{0%{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(clamp(-176px,-51vw,-128px),-88px,0)}20%{opacity:.72;transform:translate3d(clamp(-146px,-40vw,-104px),-62px,0)}52%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(clamp(-82px,-23vw,-58px),-30px,0)}82%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(-10px,-5px,0)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}}
@media(max-width:1080px){.tii-db-copy{width:62%}.tii-db-stage{width:40%}.tii-db-title{max-width:16ch;font-size:clamp(2.8rem,5.7vw,4.45rem)}}
@media(max-width:780px){.tii-detective-blog-hero{padding-top:38px}.tii-db-body{width:min(100%,calc(100% - 20px));display:flex;flex-direction:column}.tii-db-stage{order:1;position:relative;inset:auto;width:100%;height:177px;min-height:177px;padding:0}.tii-db-copy{order:2;width:100%;padding:0 18px 24px;gap:13px}.tii-db-kicker-row{display:none}.tii-db-title{max-width:none;font-size:clamp(2.55rem,11vw,4rem);line-height:1.04;padding-bottom:.14em}.tii-db-outline-intro{font-size:.96rem;line-height:1.5}.tii-db-outline-columns{display:block;width:100%}.tii-db-outline-columns .tii-db-outline+.tii-db-outline{margin-top:.4rem}.tii-db-outline{width:100%;padding-left:1.16rem;gap:.4rem}.tii-db-outline li{font-size:.91rem;line-height:1.4}.tii-db-campus-field{inset:48px 6px 18px;transform:translate3d(0,-15px,0)}.tii-db-stage .tii-db-status--desktop{display:none}.tii-db-stage .tii-db-status--mobile{display:flex;top:15px;left:50%;right:auto;width:max-content;max-width:calc(100% - 24px);padding:0;border:0;background:transparent;transform:translateX(-50%)}.tii-db-stage .tii-db-status--mobile .tii-db-status-dot{color:#d8b85a;background:#d8b85a}.tii-db-campus-blip{min-width:84px;width:min(120px,35vw);padding:7px;border-radius:13px;max-height:72px;animation-duration:34s}.tii-db-campus-blip svg{width:24px;height:24px;flex-basis:24px}.tii-db-campus-label{font-size:.56rem}.tii-db-campus-sub{font-size:.48rem}.tii-db-campus-1{top:2%;left:2%}.tii-db-campus-2{top:4%;left:34%}.tii-db-campus-3{top:3%;right:2%}.tii-db-campus-4{top:19%;left:5%}.tii-db-campus-5{top:18%;right:9%}.tii-db-campus-6{top:34%;left:36%}.tii-db-campus-7{top:39%;left:1%}.tii-db-campus-8{top:40%;right:1%}.tii-db-campus-9{top:57%;left:6%}.tii-db-campus-10{top:56%;right:16%}.tii-db-campus-11{top:69%;left:34%}.tii-db-campus-12{top:71%;right:2%}.tii-db-campus-13{bottom:1%;left:1%}.tii-db-campus-14{bottom:0;left:22%}.tii-db-campus-15{bottom:2%;right:22%}.tii-db-campus-16{bottom:0;right:1%}.tii-db-campus-field>.tii-db-campus-blip:nth-child(even){display:none}.tii-db-magnifier-wrap{inset:38px 10px auto;width:auto;height:177px;transform:none}.tii-db-magnifier-path{left:54%;top:calc(9% + 35px);width:88px;height:88px;animation-name:tiiEnterM;animation-duration:4.35s}.tii-db-magnifier-patrol{animation-name:tiiPatrolM;animation-duration:34s;animation-delay:4.35s}.tii-db-magnifier-image{width:82px;height:82px}.tii-db-magnifier-zoom{left:33px;top:7px;width:40px;height:40px}.tii-db-magnifier-shadow{left:23px;top:70px;width:50px;height:13px}.tii-db-magnifier-beam{left:51px;top:1px;width:126px;height:56px}.tii-db-magnifier-trigger{left:36px;top:0;width:34px;height:34px}}
@media(min-width:781px) and (hover:hover) and (pointer:fine){.tii-detective-blog-hero.tii-magnifier-takeover,.tii-detective-blog-hero.tii-magnifier-takeover *{cursor:none!important}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.tii-db-title,.tii-db-status-dot::after,.tii-db-pulse-dot::after,.tii-db-campus-blip,.tii-db-scan-ring,.tii-db-magnifier-path,.tii-db-magnifier-patrol,.tii-db-magnifier-rig,.tii-db-magnifier-shadow,.tii-db-magnifier-beam,.tii-db-magnifier-trigger::after{animation:none!important}.tii-db-title{background-position:50% 50%}.tii-db-campus-blip{opacity:1;transform:none}}
-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(170%) contrast(.72) brightness(1.12);
backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(170%) contrast(.72) brightness(1.12);
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-surface::before {
content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; border-radius: inherit;
pointer-events: none;
box-shadow: inset 1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,.35), inset -1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,.18);
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link {
position: absolute; bottom: calc(var(--iad-bottom) + env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px));
display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 9px;
min-width: 112px; min-height: 48px; height: 48px; padding: 10px 18px;
border-radius: 999px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600;
transition: transform .22s ease, box-shadow .22s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-prev { left: max(var(--iad-edge), env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px)); }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-next { right: max(var(--iad-edge), env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px)); }
#ivy-article-dock svg { width: 19px; height: 19px; flex: 0 0 auto; display: block; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-preview {
position: absolute; bottom: calc(100% + 11px); width: 260px;
padding: 14px 16px; border-radius: 20px;
/* More frosting for a multi-line headline than for the compact controls. */
--iad-glass: rgba(245,249,255,.80);
opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; pointer-events: none;
transform: translateY(5px); transition: opacity .18s ease, transform .18s ease, visibility .18s ease;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-prev .iad-preview { left: 0; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-next .iad-preview { right: 0; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link:hover .iad-preview,
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link:focus-visible .iad-preview {
opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: none;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-eyebrow { display: block; color: var(--iad-gold); font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .06em; margin-bottom: 5px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-title { display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 550; line-height: 1.4; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-center {
position: absolute; bottom: calc(var(--iad-bottom) + env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px) + var(--iad-keyboard));
left: 50%; width: min(438px, calc(100% - 316px)); transform: translateX(-50%);
pointer-events: none;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-form { position: relative; height: 48px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-field {
position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0; min-width: 0; height: 48px;
border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.60); border-radius: 999px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,.34);
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 3px rgba(37,57,76,.05), 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.20);
transition: background-color .18s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-field:focus-within {
background: rgba(255,255,255,.56); border-color: rgba(122,95,55,.55);
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-input {
display: block; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0; width: 0; height: 46px;
padding: 8px 13px; margin: 0; border: 0; border-radius: 999px;
background: transparent; color: var(--iad-ink) !important; caret-color: var(--iad-ink);
font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; box-shadow: none; outline-offset: 2px;
appearance: none; -webkit-appearance: none;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-input::placeholder { color: var(--iad-muted); opacity: 1; font-size: 12px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit {
display: grid; place-items: center; flex: 0 0 40px; width: 40px; height: 40px;
padding: 0; margin: 0 2px 0 0; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.61); border-radius: 999px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,.40); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(23,42,62,.07), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.72);
transition: background-color .18s ease, transform .18s ease;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit svg { width: 17px; height: 17px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.75); }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit:disabled { cursor: progress; opacity: .65; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-status { color: var(--iad-ink); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4; }
#ivy-article-dock a:focus-visible, #ivy-article-dock button:focus-visible, #ivy-article-dock input:focus-visible {
outline: 2px solid var(--iad-gold) !important; outline-offset: 3px;
}
#ivy-article-dock[data-near-end="true"] .iad-next { border-color: rgba(135,105,60,.66); }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-sr { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0,0,0,0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link:hover {
transform: translateY(-3px); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.98);
box-shadow: 0 21px 45px -12px rgba(19,36,53,.34), 0 7px 16px -8px rgba(19,36,53,.25), inset 0 1px 0 #fff, inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.50);
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link:active { transform: translateY(-1px); }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit:active { transform: scale(.96); }
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
#ivy-article-dock { --iad-edge: 8px; --iad-bottom: 12px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link { min-width: 44px; width: 44px; min-height: 44px; height: 44px; padding: 10px; border-radius: 50%; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-direction { display: none; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-center { width: calc(100% - 120px); }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-form { height: 44px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-field { height: 44px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-input { height: 42px; padding: 9px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-input::placeholder { font-size: 11px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit { flex-basis: 36px; width: 36px; height: 38px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-preview { width: min(246px, calc(100vw - 30px)); }
#ivy-article-dock[data-search-focus="true"] .iad-center {
width: calc(100% - max(18px, env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px)) - max(18px, env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px)));
}
#ivy-article-dock[data-search-focus="true"] .iad-link { display: none; }
}
/* Keep comfortable field sizes on touch-first devices, including larger tablets. */
@media (pointer: coarse) and (min-width: 721px) {
#ivy-article-dock .iad-form, #ivy-article-dock .iad-field { height: 48px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-input { height: 46px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit { height: 40px; flex-basis: 40px; width: 40px; }
}
@media (hover: none) { #ivy-article-dock .iad-preview { display: none; } }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
#ivy-article-dock * { transition: none !important; animation: none !important; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link:hover, #ivy-article-dock .iad-submit:active { transform: none; }
}
@supports not ((backdrop-filter: blur(1px)) or (-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(1px))) {
#ivy-article-dock .iad-surface { background: #eef3f8; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-transparency: reduce), (prefers-contrast: more) {
#ivy-article-dock .iad-surface { background: #eef3f8; border-color: #8193a5; -webkit-backdrop-filter: none; backdrop-filter: none; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-field { background: #fff; border-color: #8193a5; }
}
@media (forced-colors: active) {
#ivy-article-dock .iad-surface, #ivy-article-dock .iad-field, #ivy-article-dock .iad-submit { background: Canvas; border: 1px solid ButtonText; box-shadow: none; -webkit-backdrop-filter: none; backdrop-filter: none; }
#ivy-article-dock a, #ivy-article-dock button, #ivy-article-dock .iad-input { color: CanvasText !important; text-shadow: none; }
}
@media print { #ivy-article-dock { display: none !important; } }
/* Shown only on the blog index when the search-handoff fallback is needed. */
#ivy-blog-search-handoff { margin: 20px auto; padding: 18px 22px; max-width: 820px; border: 1px solid #b8c4d0; border-radius: 16px; color: #172b40; background: #f3f6f9; font: 16px/1.5 system-ui,sans-serif; }
#ivy-blog-search-handoff p { margin: 0; }
#ivy-blog-search-handoff a { color: #173e65; text-decoration: underline; }
linear-gradient(150deg, rgba(255,255,255,.24), rgba(255,255,255,.05) 48%, rgba(222,235,251,.12)),
var(--iad-glass);
box-shadow: var(--iad-shadow); pointer-events: auto;
-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(170%) contrast(.72) brightness(1.12);
backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(170%) contrast(.72) brightness(1.12);
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-surface::before {
content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; border-radius: inherit;
pointer-events: none;
box-shadow: inset 1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,.35), inset -1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,.18);
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link {
position: absolute; bottom: calc(var(--iad-bottom) + env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px));
display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 9px;
min-width: 112px; min-height: 48px; height: 48px; padding: 10px 18px;
border-radius: 999px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600;
transition: transform .22s ease, box-shadow .22s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-prev { left: max(var(--iad-edge), env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px)); }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-next { right: max(var(--iad-edge), env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px)); }
#ivy-article-dock svg { width: 19px; height: 19px; flex: 0 0 auto; display: block; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-preview {
position: absolute; bottom: calc(100% + 11px); width: 260px;
padding: 14px 16px; border-radius: 20px;
/* More frosting for a multi-line headline than for the compact controls. */
--iad-glass: rgba(245,249,255,.80);
opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; pointer-events: none;
transform: translateY(5px); transition: opacity .18s ease, transform .18s ease, visibility .18s ease;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-prev .iad-preview { left: 0; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-next .iad-preview { right: 0; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link:hover .iad-preview,
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link:focus-visible .iad-preview {
opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: none;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-eyebrow { display: block; color: var(--iad-gold); font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .06em; margin-bottom: 5px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-title { display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 550; line-height: 1.4; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-center {
position: absolute; bottom: calc(var(--iad-bottom) + env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px) + var(--iad-keyboard));
left: 50%; width: min(438px, calc(100% - 316px)); transform: translateX(-50%);
pointer-events: none;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-form { position: relative; height: 48px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-field {
position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0; min-width: 0; height: 48px;
border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.60); border-radius: 999px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,.34);
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 3px rgba(37,57,76,.05), 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.20);
transition: background-color .18s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-field:focus-within {
background: rgba(255,255,255,.56); border-color: rgba(122,95,55,.55);
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-input {
display: block; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0; width: 0; height: 46px;
padding: 8px 13px; margin: 0; border: 0; border-radius: 999px;
background: transparent; color: var(--iad-ink) !important; caret-color: var(--iad-ink);
font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; box-shadow: none; outline-offset: 2px;
appearance: none; -webkit-appearance: none;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-input::placeholder { color: var(--iad-muted); opacity: 1; font-size: 12px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit {
display: grid; place-items: center; flex: 0 0 40px; width: 40px; height: 40px;
padding: 0; margin: 0 2px 0 0; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.61); border-radius: 999px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,.40); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(23,42,62,.07), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.72);
transition: background-color .18s ease, transform .18s ease;
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit svg { width: 17px; height: 17px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.75); }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit:disabled { cursor: progress; opacity: .65; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-status { color: var(--iad-ink); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4; }
#ivy-article-dock a:focus-visible, #ivy-article-dock button:focus-visible, #ivy-article-dock input:focus-visible {
outline: 2px solid var(--iad-gold) !important; outline-offset: 3px;
}
#ivy-article-dock[data-near-end="true"] .iad-next { border-color: rgba(135,105,60,.66); }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-sr { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0,0,0,0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link:hover {
transform: translateY(-3px); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.98);
box-shadow: 0 21px 45px -12px rgba(19,36,53,.34), 0 7px 16px -8px rgba(19,36,53,.25), inset 0 1px 0 #fff, inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.50);
}
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link:active { transform: translateY(-1px); }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit:active { transform: scale(.96); }
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
#ivy-article-dock { --iad-edge: 8px; --iad-bottom: 12px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link { min-width: 44px; width: 44px; min-height: 44px; height: 44px; padding: 10px; border-radius: 50%; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-direction { display: none; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-center { width: calc(100% - 120px); }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-form { height: 44px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-field { height: 44px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-input { height: 42px; padding: 9px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-input::placeholder { font-size: 11px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit { flex-basis: 36px; width: 36px; height: 38px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-preview { width: min(246px, calc(100vw - 30px)); }
#ivy-article-dock[data-search-focus="true"] .iad-center {
width: calc(100% - max(18px, env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px)) - max(18px, env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px)));
}
#ivy-article-dock[data-search-focus="true"] .iad-link { display: none; }
}
/* Keep comfortable field sizes on touch-first devices, including larger tablets. */
@media (pointer: coarse) and (min-width: 721px) {
#ivy-article-dock .iad-form, #ivy-article-dock .iad-field { height: 48px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-input { height: 46px; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-submit { height: 40px; flex-basis: 40px; width: 40px; }
}
@media (hover: none) { #ivy-article-dock .iad-preview { display: none; } }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
#ivy-article-dock * { transition: none !important; animation: none !important; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-link:hover, #ivy-article-dock .iad-submit:active { transform: none; }
}
@supports not ((backdrop-filter: blur(1px)) or (-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(1px))) {
#ivy-article-dock .iad-surface { background: #eef3f8; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-transparency: reduce), (prefers-contrast: more) {
#ivy-article-dock .iad-surface { background: #eef3f8; border-color: #8193a5; -webkit-backdrop-filter: none; backdrop-filter: none; }
#ivy-article-dock .iad-field { background: #fff; border-color: #8193a5; }
}
@media (forced-colors: active) {
#ivy-article-dock .iad-surface, #ivy-article-dock .iad-field, #ivy-article-dock .iad-submit { background: Canvas; border: 1px solid ButtonText; box-shadow: none; -webkit-backdrop-filter: none; backdrop-filter: none; }
#ivy-article-dock a, #ivy-article-dock button, #ivy-article-dock .iad-input { color: CanvasText !important; text-shadow: none; }
}
@media print { #ivy-article-dock { display: none !important; } }
/* Shown only on the blog index when the search-handoff fallback is needed. */
#ivy-blog-search-handoff { margin: 20px auto; padding: 18px 22px; max-width: 820px; border: 1px solid #b8c4d0; border-radius: 16px; color: #172b40; background: #f3f6f9; font: 16px/1.5 system-ui,sans-serif; }
#ivy-blog-search-handoff p { margin: 0; }
#ivy-blog-search-handoff a { color: #173e65; text-decoration: underline; }
sconnect(); bodyObserver?.disconnect(); delete window[GLOBAL];
}
window[GLOBAL] = { version: '3.0.0', refresh, destroy };
for (const name of ['mercury:load', 'sqs:page-view', 'sqs:after-page-load']) document.addEventListener(name, refresh, { signal: appAbort.signal });
for (const name of ['popstate', 'pageshow', 'load']) window.addEventListener(name, refresh, { signal: appAbort.signal });
if (document.readyState === 'loading') document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', start, { once: true, signal: appAbort.signal }); else start();
})();